Rouleaux formation of white blood cells and platelets in leukemia / Formação de rouleaux de glóbulos brancos e plaquetas em leucemia

The objective of this study was to measure the effects of glucose and salt level on white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets (PLTs) in the blood of a leukemic patient by using a white light microscope. Different concentrations of glucose and salt in the range of 0 mM to 500 mM were admixed in the blood sample to prepare blood smear. We revealed that shape of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets changes and form aggregates. Increasing concentrations of glucose cause to increases aggregation process of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. And the increasing concentration of sodium chloride causes to increase rouleaux formation and aggregation of platelets but dehydration due to increased sodium chloride concentration causes to break the aggregation of white blood cells. Comparison of CBC reports of these samples with and without analytes shows that total leukocyte count (TLC) decreases gradually towards normal ranges of leukocytes which is favorable in the treatment of leukemia but at the same time decreasing level of hemoglobin HGB, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and increasing level of red blood cell (RBCs) causes to reduce oxygen supply which is in favor of cancer growth and anemia. This work provides us the base for translation this in vitro study towards the in vivo case of blood microvasculature as a non-invasive methodology.

O objetivo deste estudo foi medir os efeitos da glicose e do nível de sal nos glóbulos brancos, glóbulos vermelhos e plaquetas (PLTs) no sangue de um paciente leucêmico usando um microscópio de luz branca. Foram misturadas diferentes concentrações de glicose e sal na gama de 0 mM a 500 mM na amostra de sangue para preparar esfregaço de sangue. Descrevemos que a forma dos eritrócitos, leucócitos e plaquetas muda e forma agregados. O aumento das concentrações de glicose aumenta o processo de agregação de glóbulos brancos, glóbulos vermelhos e plaquetas. E a crescente concentração de cloreto de sódio causa o aumento da formação de rouleaux e a agregação de plaquetas, mas a desidratação devido ao aumento da concentração de cloreto de sódio causa a quebra da agregação de glóbulos brancos. A comparação dos relatórios de CBC dessas amostras com e sem analitos mostra que a contagem total de leucócitos (TLC) diminui gradualmente para os intervalos normais de leucócitos, o que é favorável no tratamento da leucemia, mas ao mesmo tempo diminui o nível de hemoglobina HGB, hemoglobina corpuscular média (MCH ), a concentração média de hemoglobina corpuscular (MCHC) e o aumento do nível de glóbulos vermelhos (RBCs) reduz o suprimento de oxigênio, o que é a favor do crescimento do câncer e da anemia. Este trabalho fornece a base para a tradução deste estudo in vitro para o caso in vivo de microvasculatura de sangue como uma metodologia não-invasiva.

Management of viable sigmoid volvulus by mesosigmoidoplasty

Mesosigmoidoplasty is a non-resective procedure for viable sigmoid volvulus. It corrects the main pathogenetic factor, the narrow but long mesosigmoid. This study was conducted to know the outcome of mesosigmoidoplasty in cases of viable sigmoid volvulus. This prospective study was conducted from July 2004 to June 2008 at District Headquarter Teaching Hospital D.I.Khan, on patients admitted with large gut obstruction due to viable sigmoid volvulus. After initial investigations and resuscitation, non-operative decompression was tried in all cases. Successfully decompressed patients underwent elective laparotomy and the rest had emergency laparotomy and mesosigmoidoplasty. After their discharge from hospital, patients were followed up for 6 months. Thirty-nine patients presented with viable sigmoid volvulus; 35 males and 4 females, with male to female ratio of 8.7:1. Age range was 48-70 years. Thirteen [33%] patients had successful decompression. Two patients refused surgery after successful non-operative decompression and were dropped from the study. Out of the remaining 37 patients 11[30%] patients had mesosigmoidoplasty on elective list and 26[70%] had emergency operation for mesosigmoidoplasty. Average hospital stay was 4 days [2-6 days]. Post-operative complications were wound infection in 1[2.7%] and paralytic ileus in 3[8%] cases. During 6 months follow-up, only 1[2.7%] patient had recurrence. Mesosigmoidoplasty is a definitive procedure for viable sigmoid volvulus with low rates of mortality, morbidity

Impact of class attendance upon examination results of students in basic medical sciences

A number of studies have shown the impact of attending the classes during the session on examination results of students. Students with good lecture attendance show good results while those with poor lecture attendance are at risk for poor performance in the examinations. In this study we wanted to test this in students of basic medical sciences in our set up. All the students in Basic Medical Sciences of Gomal Medical College, D.I. Khan, Pakistan, during the session 1999-2000 were enrolled for this study. Performance of these students in one of their three annual term tests, which covered duration of studies for four months, from February 2000 to May 2000, was analyzed. Students were grouped into two, Group-A with =75% attendance and Group-B with <75% attendance. The frequency of failure in the two groups was compared using the chi square test. Results of the term test showed that the percentage of failure in students of Group-B with less than 75%, attendance was significantly higher when compared to Group-A with equal or more than 75% attendance. Our results supported the previous studies showing that attendance in the classes during teaching sessions had a direct impact on performance of students in the examinations. Students with good attendance show good results while those with poor attendance are at risk for poor performance during examinations in basic medical sciences